continued from No. 10
Дополнительные задания к книге “Britain in
Brief” В.В. Ощепковой и И.И. Шустиловой
Text 4
LONDON
Location • Population • Its Importance in the Life of Britain
• The City, the West End and the East End • The Best-Known Streets and Sights
When we think of Paris, Rome, Madrid, Lisbon and other European
capitals, we think of them as “cities”. When we think of the whole of modern London,
the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, that great area covering several
hundred square kilometres, we do not think of it as “a city”, not even as a city and
its suburbs. Modern London is not one city that has steadily become larger through the
centuries; it is a number of cities, towns, and villages that have, during the past
centuries, grown together to make one vast urban area.
London is situated upon both banks of the River Thames, it is the
largest city in Britain and one of the largest in the world. Its population is about 7
million people.
London dominates the life of Britain. It is a big port and most
important commercial, manufacturing and cultural centre. There is little heavy industry in
London, but there is a wide range of light industry in Greater London.
The Tower of London
The City extends over an area of about 2.6 square kilometres in the
heart of London. About half a million people work in the City but less than 6000 live
here. It is the financial centre of the UK with many banks, offices and the Stock
Exchange. But the City is also a market for goods of almost every kind, from all parts
of the world. The West End can be called the centre of London. Here are the historical
palaces as well as the famous parks. Hyde Park with its Speaker’s Corner is also
here. Among other parks are Kensington Gardens, St. James’s Park. In the
West End is Buckingham Palace which is the Queen’s residence, and the Palace
of Westminster which is the seat of Parliament.
The best-known streets here are Whitehall with important
Government offices, Downing Street, the London residence of the Prime Minister and
the place where the Cabinet meets, Fleet Street where most newspapers have their
offices, Harley Street where the highest-paid doctors live, and some others.
Nelson’s Column
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The name “West End” came to be associated with
wealth, luxury, and goods of high quality. It is the area of the largest department
stores, cinemas and hotels. There are about 40 theatres, several concert halls, many
museums including the British Museum, and the best art galleries.
It is in the West End that the University of London is centred with Bloomsbury
as London’s student quarter.
Visitors with plenty of money to spend and who come chiefly for
enjoyment are likely to pass most of their time in the West End.
The port of London is to the east of the City. Here were kilometres and
kilometres of docks, and the great industrial areas that depended upon shipping. This is
the East End of London, formerly unattractive in appearance, but now changing because of
the introduction of new industries and very expensive housing.
REFERENCES
the City 1) Сити (исторический центр
Лондона; один из крупнейших финансовых и
коммерческих центров мира), 2) перен. английский
финансовый капитал, финансовая олигархия
Greater London Большой Лондон (административно-территориальная
единица, включает сам город и пригороды)
Stock Exchange Лондонская фондовая биржа (основана
в 1773 г.; современное двадцатишестиэтажное здание
построено в 1970 г.)
Speaker’s Corner “Уголок оратора” (место
в Гайд Парке, где по субботам и воскресеньям с
импровизированной трибуны выступают ораторы на
различные темы; в настоящее время превратился в
одну из туристических достопримечательностей
Лондона)
Kensington Gardens Кенсингтон Гарденз (большой
парк в Лондоне, примыкает к Гайд Парку)
St. James’s Park Сент-Джеймс парк (расположен
в центральной части Лондона)
Buckingham Palace Букингемский дворец (главная
королевская резиденция в Лондоне с 1837 г.)
the Palace of Westminster 1) Вестминстерский
дворец (с середины XIV в, в нем проходят заседания
парламента), 2) здание английского парламента,
английский парламент
Whitehall 1) Уайтхолл (улица в
центральной части Лондона, на которой находятся
некоторые важнейшие министерства и другие
правительственные учреждения), 2) перен. английское
правительство
Downing Street 1) Даунинг-Стрит (небольшая
улица в центральной части Лондона, на которой в
доме №10 находится лондонская резиденция
премьер-министра), 2) Даунинг-Стрит, английское
правительство
Fleet Street 1) Флит-Стрит (улица в
Лондоне, на которой находились редакции
большинства крупнейших газет), 2) перен. пресса
и мир журналистики
Harley Street 1) Харли-Стрит (улица в
Лондоне, где находятся приемные ведущих частных
врачей-консультантов), 2) перен. медики,
медицинский мир
the British Museum Британский музей (один
из крупнейших музеев мира; находится в Лондоне)
Bloomsbury Блумзбери (район в
центральной части Лондона, где находятся
Британский музей и Лондонский университет)
I. COMPREHENSION
A. Choose sentences with figures in the text, read and translate them.
Are these figures important for the general understanding of the text?
B. Find a sentence (or sentences) in the text which gives the
information about:
C. Answer the following questions:
II. GRAMMAR PRACTICE. REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS
A. Find all the regular verbs in the text, give their 3 forms and
translate sentences with them into Russian.
B. Find irregular verbs in the text, give their 3 forms and translate
sentences with them into Russian.
III. COMMUNICATION PRACTICE
Speak about any city of the world:
a. Define its location. Use the verbs in the correct form: to be
situated; to consist of; to occupy; to extend; to flow, etc.;
b. Use adjectives in the superlative degree;
c. Use the necessary figures.
Text 5
SCOTLAND
Location • Three Main Regions • Population and Its
Distribution • Lochs • Aberdeen and Glasgow • Edinburgh
and Edinburgh Festival
Although Scotland takes up one third of the territory of the British
Isles, its population is not very big. It is the most northern part of the island of Great
Britain and is not far away from the Arctic Circle.
That’s why it is not densely populated: its population is a little
over 5 million people. The Cheviot Hills mark the boundary between England and Scotland.
Apart from this land link with England, Scotland is surrounded by sea.
Scotland includes the Hebrides off the west coast, and the Orkney
and Shetland Islands off the north coast. It is bounded by the North Sea on the
east.
Scotland is divided into three regions: the Highlands, which is the
most northern and the most underpopulated area with a harsh climate, the Lowlands, which
is the most industrial region, with about three quarters of the population, and the
Southern Uplands, with hills, which border on England.
The Highlands of Scotland are among the oldest mountains in the world.
They reach their highest point in Ben Nevis (1343 m). Many valleys between the hills are
filled with lakes, called lochs. The best-known is Loch Ness where some people
think a large monster lives. The most important city here is Aberdeen which is the oil
centre of Scotland. Ships and helicopters travel from Aberdeen to the North Sea oil rigs.
Work on an oil rig is difficult and dangerous.
Edinburgh Castle
Most of the population of Scotland is concentrated in the Lowlands.
Here, on the Clyde, is Glasgow, Scotland’s biggest city.
Shipbuilding is one of its most important industries, other industries
are iron and steel, heavy and light engineering and coal-mining. It is the centre of the
working-class movement and has glorious revolutionary traditions.
Aberdeen
Glasgow was a grim city because of the greyness of the houses many of
which were not suitable for living and needed repairs or rebuilding. But now this city is
rapidly changing, turning into an important cultural centre. Glasgow is sometimes called
“the friendly city”.
Scotland had been an independent state and was joined to the UK in
1707, after a long struggle for its independence.
A piper
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Edinburgh has been the capital since the 15th century,
when its fortified castle was the centre of Scotland’s resistance to its enemies.
Edinburgh is the cultural centre of Scotland. It is associated with the names of George
Gordon Byron and Walter Scott, Robert Louis Stevenson, Robert Burns and
Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of Sherlock Holmes. It is also associated with the
world-famous Edinburgh Festival of Music and Drama. The Festival was first held in 1947
and has been held annually ever since. Its emblem is a thistle. The Edinburgh
International Festival of 1987 was devoted to this country. Our musicians, dancers and
singers were a great success.
One of the things that people associate with Scotland is the kilt.
The kilt is a relic of the time when the clan system existed in the Highlands.
Everybody in the clan had the same family name, like MacDonald or MacGregor (Mac means
“son of”). The clan had its own territory and was ruled by a chieftain. Each clan had
its own tartan.
REFERENCES
Aberdeen г. Абердин (находится в
Шотландии на Северном море)
Edinburgh Festival Эдинбургский фестиваль (ежегодный
международный музыкальный и театральный
фестиваль в г. Эдинбурге в августе – сентябре.
Проводится с 1947 г.)
the Arctic Circle Северный полярный круг
the Hebrides Гебридские острова (включают
около 500 островов)
the Orkney Islands Оркнейские острова (около
70 островов)
the Shetland Islands Шетландские острова (включают
около 100 островов)
Loch Ness озеро Лох-Несс (56 км2,
длина около 40 км, глубина до 275 м)
the Clyde р. Клайд (на юге
Шотландии; длина 170 км)
George Gordon Byron Джордж Гордон Байрон
(1788–1824), английский поэт-романтик, приверженец
просветительских идеалов и эстетики
классицизма. Пафос его жизни и творчества – в
борьбе против тирании. Среди его самых известных
поэм – “Паломничество Чайлд Гарольда” и “Дон
Жуан”
Walter Scott Вальтер Скотт (1771–1832),
шотландский писатель и поэт. Романтизм в его
творчестве своеобразно сочетается с ярко
выраженными реалистическими тенденциями. Многие
романы посвящены истории Шотландии. Ключевыми в
его творчестве считаются романы Роб Рой и Айвенго.
Robert Louis Stevenson Роберт Луис Стивенсон
(1850–1894), шотландский писатель, неоромантик, часто
изображал необычные драматические ситуации с
элементами фантастики. Среди его
приключенческих романов – Остров сокровищ, Похищенный,
Черная стрела, Владелец Баллантрэ.
Robert Burns Роберт Бернс (1759–1796),
шотландский поэт. Создал самобытную поэзию, в
которой прославил труд, народ и свободу,
бескорыстную и самоотверженную любовь и дружбу.
Arthur Conan Doyle Артур Конан Дойл (1859–1930),
английский писатель, автор фантастических и
исторических романов. Наиболее известны его
детективные повести и рассказы о сыщике Шерлоке
Холмсе, такие как Приключения Шерлока Холмса,
Собака Баскервилей и др.
thistle чертополох (национальная
эмблема Шотландии, а также эмблема Эдинбургского
фестиваля)
kilt килт, юбка шотландского горца (в
складку, из шерстяной шотландки; часть
шотландского костюма)
clan клан (родовая община у
шотландцев и ирландцев; в настоящее время лица,
носящие общую родовую фамилию)
tartan тартан (традиционный
шотландский рисунок из перекрещивающихся узких
и широких разноцветных полос; каждый клан имеет
свой тартан)
I. COMPREHENSION
A. There are 9 paragraphs in this text. Find the topical sentence for
each of them.
B. Find a sentence (or sentences) that gives the information about:
the reason why Scotland is not densely populated;
the reason why the Highlands is the most under populated area of
Scotland;
the reason why Aberdeen is the most important city in the Highlands;
the reason why Glasgow is a grim city;
the city which is a cultural centre of Scotland.
C. Answer the following questions:
When and why did Scotland join the UK?
Where is most of the population of Scotland concentrated?
Which is the highest point in the Highlands?
Do you know the highest points in the Caucasus, the Crimea and the
Urals? Which are they?
How are lakes called in Scotland and which of them do you remember?
D. Look at the highlights before the text and say what new facts you
have learned.
II. GRAMMAR PRACTICE. THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE. PRESENT AND PAST INDEFINITE FORMS
A. Find sentences with the verbs in the Passive Voice in the text,
read and translate them into Russian.
B. Give the following Infinitives in the Active Voice:
to be divided into; to be joined; to be filled; to be built; to be
concentrated; to be associated, to be held; to be devoted to; to be bounded by.
C. Insert the verb in the correct form of the Passive Voice.
Scotland (to divide) into three regions.
Scotland (to join) to the UK.
Most of the population of Scotland (to concentrate) in the Lowlands.
Edinburgh (to associate) with the names of Byron and Walter Scott,
Robert Louis Stevenson, Robert Bums and Arthur Conan Doyle.
The Edinburgh International Festival of 1987 (to devote) to Russia.
III. COMMUNICATION PRACTICE
A. Speak about population of Scotland using the following:
The population of Scotland is ...
It is (not) densely populated
... is the most under populated area with a ... climate. Most of the
population of Scotland is concentrated in ... . ... is the most densely populated city in
Scotland.
B. Use these phrases speaking about the population of Russia.
By Viktoria Oschepkova,
Irina Shustilova
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